How do the professionals deal with oil spills?

How do the professionals deal with oil spills in Singapore?

Ship-owners: According to Hetherington, C., Flin, R., Mearns, K. (2006) Safety in shipping: the human element. Journal of Safety Research 37(2006) 401-411, between 43% to 80% of incidents are caused by human factors, and amongst the most common causes are: error of judgement, improper lookout, and failure to comply with regulations. Although there are international Conventions that cover aspects such as training, proper manning of the vessel to minimise crew fatigue etc., ship owners can do more to ensure that their vessels comply with, or exceed the standards stipulated in these Conventions. Port Authorities: Given that vessels passing through the Singapore Strait are monitored using the Vessel Traffic Information System, officers manning the System must remain vigilant in tracking vessels and identifying potential collision situations. Coastal asset owners (e.g. lagoon o...

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